Enteroparasitoses em uma região da Amazônia ocidental / Entero-parasitosis in a region of the western Amazon

Introdução: as parasitoses intestinais são doenças que apresentam um problema de saúde mundial, causando grandes problemas nutricionais, onde sua ocorrência varia de acordo com o clima de cada região e condições socioeconômicas. Regiões que apresentam climas trópicos com umidade, altos índices de chuvas e temperaturas elevadas associadas com a falta de informações sobre as enteroparasitoses merecem atenção. Objetivo: o presente trabalho buscou avaliar os tipos de enteroparasitoses entre os anos de 2018 a 2020 em uma parcela da população de um município da Amazônia Ocidental, mais especificamente, (i) avaliar os tipos de enteroparasitoses que acometem a população entre os períodos de inundação e estiagem; (ii) avaliar a influência das enteroparasitoses em indivíduos de acordo com o gênero e a faixa etária ao longo de três anos. Metodologia: as coletas de dados foram realizadas entre os anos de 2018 a 2020, por meio de análises de planilhas concedidas pelo laboratório de análises clinicas LABSUL. Resultados: foram avaliados 4236 exames de fezes, sendo que apenas 1396 foram positivos para enteroparasitoses. Dos quais a maior parte foi causada por protozoários (58,69%) que acometeram principalmente Mulheres, jovens e crianças nos períodos de inundação. Conclusão: diante disso, os dados demonstraram que as enteroparasitoses acometem com frequência uma parcela da população local. Além de trazer informações que podem reforçar a necessidade da implementação do sistema de saneamento básico, juntamente com campanhas de conscientização populacional a respeito das vias de contaminação e da forma de propagação dessas infecções.

Introduction: intestinal parasites are diseases that present a worldwide health problem, causing major nutritional problems, where their occurrence varies according to the climate of each region and socioeconomic conditions. Regions that have tropical climates with humidity, high levels of rainfall and high temperatures associated with a lack of information on entero-parasitosis deserve attention. Objective: the present work sought to evaluate the types of intestinal parasites between the years 2018 to 2020 in a portion of the population of a municipality in the Western Amazon, more specifically, (i) to evaluate the types of entero-parasitosis that affect the population between periods of flooding and drought; (ii) to evaluate the influence of entero-parasitosis in individuals according to gender and age group over three years. Methodology: data collection was carried out between the years 2018 to 2020, through analysis of spreadsheets provided by the clinical analysis laboratory LABSUL. Results: 4236 stool exams were evaluated, of which only 1396 were positive for entero-parasitosis. Most of which were caused by protozoa (58.69%) that mainly affected women, young people and children during flood periods. Conclusion: in view of this, the data showed that intestinal parasites frequently affect a portion of the local population. In addition to bringing information that can reinforce the need to implement the basic sanitation system, together with population awareness campaigns regarding the routes of contamination and the way in which these infections spread.

Association between NDO-LID and PGL-1 for leprosy and class I and II human leukocyte antigen alleles in an indigenous community in Southwest Amazon

The frequencies of the Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the Puyanawa indigenous reserve population and their association with the NDO-LID and ELISA PGL-1 rapid serological test was assessed. This was a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological clinical design conducted in two indigenous communities in the state of Acre, Brazil. Blood was collected in a tube with EDTA to identify HLA alleles and perform serological tests. DNA was obtained using the salting out procedure. The LabType™ technique (One-Lambda-USA) was used for HLA class I (loci A*, B* and C*) and II (loci DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1*) typing. Allele frequency was obtained by direct count, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association with the NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests. The most frequent alleles in the two communities were: HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-DRB1*16:02, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and HLA-DQB1*03:01. The allele HLA-C*04:01 was the most common in the Barão community, and the allele HLA-C*07:01 in Ipiranga. Among individuals who presented seropositivity to the NDO-LID test, the association with alleles HLA-A*02 (43.18% vs 24.8%, p = 0.03, OR = 2.35) and HLA-B*53 (6.83% vs 0.0%, p = 0.03, OR = 8.95) was observed in the Barão community. HLA-B*15 was associated with non-seroconversion to the NDO-LID test in Ipiranga. In both communities, HLA-B*40 and HLA-C*03 were associated with positive serological response to ELISA PGL-1. The HLA class I and II alleles most frequently found in this study have already been described among Terena indigenous groups, and HLA class I contributes to seroconversion to NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests in inhabitants of the Barão and Ipiranga communities(AU).

Association between NDO-LID and PGL-1 for leprosy and class I and II human leukocyte antigen alleles in an indigenous community in Southwest Amazon.

The frequencies of the Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the Puyanawa indigenous reserve population and their association with the NDO-LID and ELISA PGL-1 rapid serological test was assessed. This was a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological clinical design conducted in two indigenous communities in the state of Acre, Brazil. Blood was collected in a tube with EDTA to identify HLA alleles and perform serological tests. DNA was obtained using the salting out procedure. The LabType™ technique (One-Lambda-USA) was used for HLA class I (loci A*, B* and C*) and II (loci DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1*) typing. Allele frequency was obtained by direct count, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association with the NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests. The most frequent alleles in the two communities were: HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-DRB1*16:02, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and HLA-DQB1*03:01. The allele HLA-C*04:01 was the most common in the Barão community, and the allele HLA-C*07:01 in Ipiranga. Among individuals who presented seropositivity to the NDO-LID test, the association with alleles HLA-A*02 (43.18% vs 24.8%, p=0.03, OR=2.35) and HLA-B*53 (6.83% vs 0.0%, p=0.03, OR=8.95) was observed in the Barão community. HLA-B*15 was associated with non-seroconversion to the NDO-LID test in Ipiranga. In both communities, HLA-B*40 and HLA-C*03 were associated with positive serological response to ELISA PGL-1. The HLA class I and II alleles most frequently found in this study have already been described among Terena indigenous groups, and HLA class I contributes to seroconversion to NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests in inhabitants of the Barão and Ipiranga communities.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da hanseníase no Estado do Acre: estudo retrospectivo / Clinical and epidemiological profile of leprosy in the state of Acre: a retrospective study

Objetivo: Descrever a situação epidemiológica da hanseníase no estado do Acre. Método: Estudo descritivo,retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado no estado do Acre por meio do banco dedados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de 2004-2012. Resultados: Foram registrados 2691 casos de hanseníase. 60,6% no sexo masculino, com idade maior que 15 anos (90,1%),cor parda (81,2%), ensino fundamental incompleto(55,9%), procedentes da zona rural (61,4%). 49% dos casos apresentaram forma clínica dimorfa, 80,2% grau de incapacidade zero no momento do diagnóstico.Em 2011 dos 2146 contatos registrados apenas 478 foram avaliados. Conclusão: Apesar do predomínio do grau de incapacidade física ser zero no momento do diagnóstico, a presença marcante da forma clínica dimorfa, o baixo percentual de busca ativa dos contactantes podem indicar manutenção da cadeia de transmissão e alta prevalência oculta da hanseníase, o que remete a uma dificuldade operacional dos serviços de saúde em realizar o diagnóstico precoce.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological situation of leprosy in the State of Acre. Method: It is a retrospective, descriptive study carried out in the State of Acre using the Information System Database on Notifiable Diseases with a quantitative approach during the period of 2004-2012. Results: 2 691 cases of leprosy were recorded, 60.6% male, older than 15 years (90.1%), brown (81.2%), incomplete primary education (55.9%), from a rural area (61.4%). 49% of cases were classified as borderline patients, 80.2% were grade of disability zero at diagnosis. In 2011 from only 478 out of 2146 registered contacts were evaluated. Conclusion: Despite the predominance of grade of disability zero at the time of diagnosis,the high number of borderline patients and the low percentage of active search for contacts may indicate maintenance of the transmission and high rates of hidden prevalence of leprosy, which refers to operational difficulties faced by the health services toper form early diagnosis.

Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e sociais da hanseníase em indígenas na região do Alto Rio Juruá/Acre, Brasil / Clinical, epidemiological and social aspects of leprosy among the Indians from the Alto Juruá River/ State of Acre, Brazil

Este estudo investigou os casos de hanseníase na população indígena da microrregião do Alto Rio Juruá/Acre notificados pelo Sistema de Informação e Notificação de Agravos (SINAN), bem como avaliou seus respectivos contatos no período de 2009 a 2012. Foram identificados três casos em indígenas, sendo dois do sexo masculino com 69 e 27 anos, do povo Puyanawa,classificados como multibacilares com forma clínica dimorfa e virchowiana e grau de incapacidade I e II, respectivamente. O caso do povo Nawa foi do sexo feminino com 15 anos de idade, classificado como paucibacilar. Doze contactantes foram avaliados para investigação da doença, que foi afastada em todos. Os indígenas estudados estão inseridos em condições ambientais, esgotamento sanitário e condições sociais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da hanseníase. Há possível persistência de foco na aldeia Ipiranga,além do indicativo de alta endemicidade pela detecção da doença em indivíduo menor de 15 anos,apontando necessidade de avaliação epidemiológica e busca ativa de casos para o diagnóstico da doença nestes povos.

This study investigated cases of leprosy among indigenous population of the micro-region of AltoJurua River/State of Acre. We evaluated leprosy cases reported by the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) as well as their contacts among indigenous population from 2009 to 2012. Three leprosy cases were identified. Two Puyanawa men, 69 and 27 years old, classified as borderline and lepromatous forms, with disability grade I and II, respectively. The third case was detected in Nawaethnicity and was a female, under 15 years. Thediagnosis was not confirmed in twelve contacts that were evaluated for suspicion of the disease. The studied Indians are embedded in environmental and social conditions favorable to development of leprosy. Probably, there is a focus in Ipiranga village and an indication of high endemicity area, once leprosy was detected in an under 15 year-old girl. The epidemiological assessment and diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of disease in this population are priorities.